1)IEEE 802.11 Standards (note data rate is important)

There is a plethora of standards under the IEEE 802 LMSC (LAN / MAN Standards Committee). Of these even 802.11 has a variety of standards, each with a letter suffix. These cover everything from the wireless standards themselves, to standards for security aspects, quality of service and the like:

802.11a - Wireless network bearer operating in the 5 GHz ISM band with data rate up to 54 Mbps
802.11b - Wireless network bearer operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band with data rates up to 11 Mbps
802.11e - Quality of service and prioritisation
802.11f - Handover
802.11g - Wireless network bearer operating in 2.4 GHz ISM band with data rates up to 54 Mbps
802.11h - Power control
802.11i - Authentication and encryption
802.11j - Interworking
802.11k - Measurement reporting
802.11n - Wireless network bearer operating in the 2.4 and 5 GHz ISM bands with data rates up to 600 Mbps
802.11s - Mesh networking
802.11ac - Wireless network bearer operating below 6GHz to provide data rates of at least 1Gbps per second for multi-station operation and 500 Mbps on a single link
802.11ad - Wireless network bearer providing very high throughput at frequencies up to 60GHz
802.11af - Wi-Fi in TV spectrum white spaces (often called White-Fi)

Of these the standards that are most widely known are the network bearer standards, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and now 802.11n.

Summary of major 802.11 Wi-Fi Standards

Bandwidths of nominal 20 MHz are usually quoted, although the actual bandwidth allowed is generally 22 MHz.

2)Slammer is a kind of

a.Virus b.Ftp client c.mobile processor 4.unix browser

ans:virus or worm

3)What Is a MAC Address?

The MAC address is a unique value associated with a network adapter. MAC addresses are also known as hardware addresses or physicaladdresses. They uniquely identify an adapter on a LAN.

MAC addresses are 12-digit hexadecimal numbers (48 bits in length). By convention, MAC addresses are usually written in one of the following two formats:

MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS

MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS

The first half of a MAC address contains the ID number of the adapter manufacturer. These IDs are regulated by an Internet standards body (see sidebar). The second half of a MAC address represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer. In the example,

00:A0:C9:14:C8:29

The prefix

00A0C9

M-Manufacture of adapter (fIrst half of the mac address)

S-Serial number of adapter (second half of the mac address)

4)What are the Global Catalog Servers

Every domain controller stores the objects for the domain in which it is installed. However, a domain controller designated as a global catalog server stores the objects from all domains in the forest. For each object that is not in the domain for which the global catalog server is authoritative as a domain controller, a limited set of attributes is stored in a partial replica of the domain. Therefore, a global catalog server stores its own full, writable domain replica (all objects and all attributes) plus a partial, read-only replica of every other domain in the forest. The global catalog is built and updated automatically by the AD DS replication system. The object attributes that are replicated to global catalog servers are the attributes that are most likely to be used to search for the object in AD DS. The attributes that are replicated to the global catalog are identified in the schema as the partial attribute set (PAS) and are defined by default by Microsoft. However, to optimize searching, you can edit the schema by adding or removing attributes that are stored in the global catalog.

5.How to backup the active directory 2003?

To back up system state including system-protected files

To start the Windows Server 2003 backup utility, click Start, click Run, type ntbackup, and then click OK.

This procedure provides steps for backing up in Wizard Mode. By default, the Always Start in Wizard Mode check box is selected in the Backup or Restore Wizard. If the Welcome to the Backup Utility Advanced Mode page appears, click Wizard Mode to open the Backup or Restore Wizard.
On the Welcome to the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Next.
Select Back up files and settings, and then click Next.
Select Let me choose what to back up, and then click Next.
In the Items to Back Up window, double-click My Computer.
In the expanded list below My Computer, check System State, and then click Next.
Select a location to store the backup:
- If you are backing up to a file, type the path and file name for the backup (.bkf) file (or click Browse to find a folder or file).
- If you are backing up to a tape unit, choose the tape that you want to use.
  
  Note
  
  You should not store the backup on the local hard drive.
Type a name for this backup according to the recommendations in Backing Up Active Directory Components, and then click Next.
On the last page of the wizard, click Advanced.
Do not change the default options for Type of Backup. Normal should be selected, and the check box for Backup migrated remote storage data should remain cleared. Click Next.
Select Verify data after backup, and then click Next.
In the Backup Options dialog box, select a backup option, and then click Next.
If you are replacing the existing backups, select the option to allow only the owner and administrator access to the backup data and to any backups that are appended to this medium, and then click Next.
In the When to back up box, select the appropriate option for your needs, and then click Next.
If you are satisfied with all of the options that are selected, click Finish to perform the backup operation according to your selected schedule.

Note
You should not store the backup on the local hard drive.

6)Active Directory Interview Question and Answers

>What is Active Directory?
Active Directory is a Meta Data. Active Directory is a data base which stores a data base like your user information, computer information and also other network object info. It has capabilities to manage and administer the complete Network which connect with AD.

>What is domain?
Windows NT and Windows 2000, a domain is a set of network resources (applications, printers, and so forth) for a group of users. The user needs only to log in to the domain to gain access to the resources, which may be located on a number of different servers in the network. The ‘domain’ is simply your computer address not to confuse with an URL. A domain address might look something like 211.170.469.

>What is domain controller?
A Domain controller (DC) is a server that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.) within the Windows Server domain. A domain is a concept introduced in Windows NT whereby a user may be granted access to a number of computer resources with the use of a single username and password combination.

>What is LDAP?
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP is the industry standard directory access protocol, making Active Directory widely accessible to management and query applications. Active Directory supports LDAPv3 and LDAPv2.

>What is KCC?
KCC (knowledge consistency checker) is used to generate replication topology for inter site replication and for intra-site replication. Within a site replication traffic is done via remote procedure calls over ip, while between sites it is done through either RPC or SMTP.

>Where is the AD database held? What other folders are related to AD?
The AD data base is store in c:\windows\ntds\NTDS.DIT.

>What is the SYSVOL folder?
The sysVOL folder stores the server’s copy of the domain’s public files. The contents such as group policy, users etc of the sysvol folder are replicated to all domain controllers in the domain.

>Where are the Windows NT Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and its Backup Domain Controller (BDC) in Server 2003?
The Active Directory replaces them. Now all domain controllers share a multi master peer-to-peer read and write relationship that hosts copies of the Active Directory.

>Cannot create a new universal user group. Why?
Universal groups are allowed only in native-mode Windows Server 2003 environments. Native mode requires that all domain controllers be promoted to Windows Server 2003 Active Directory.

>What is LSDOU?
Its group policy inheritance model, where the policies are applied to Local machines, Sites, Domains and Organizational Units.

>Why doesn’t LSDOU work under Windows NT?
If the NTConfig.pol file exists, it has the highest priority among the numerous policies.

>How many number of permitted unsuccessful logons on Administrator account? Unlimited. Remember, though, that it’s the Administrator account, not any account that’s part of the Administrators group.

> What’s the difference between guest accounts in Server 2003 and other editions?
More restrictive in Windows Server 2003.

> How many passwords by default are remembered when you check “Enforce Password History Remembered”?
User’s last 6 passwords.

> Can GC Server and Infrastructure place in single server?
No, As Infrastructure master does the same job as the GC. It does not work together.

> Which is service in your windows is responsible for replication of Domain controller to another domain controller.
KCC generates the replication topology.
Use SMTP / RPC to replicate changes.

7)The protocol that traces IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Address resolution Protocol(ARP)

8)SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail.In other words, users typically use a program that uses SMTP for sending e-mail and either POP3 or IMAP for receiving e-mail

9)What is ISDN

ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice anddata over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. A major market application for ISDN in some countries is Internet access, where ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.

Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network

The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).

10)How to configure ADS Active Directory Service Step by Step Guide

Configure your server / Manage your server

To launch manage your server wizard click on start button and select manage your server option

To launch configure your server wizard click on start button and select configure your server wizard from administrator tools.

Now click on Add remove a role

Now server will check the pre-quest which we have completed in our last article. Wizard would show error message if any of pre-quest is not properly configured.

Wizard will show a list of all tasks which can be configured. Select Domain Controller (Active Directory)

It will show summary for ADS configuration wizard after checking all necessary services.

Click on next to launch ADS configuration wizard

Same wizard can be Launch directly by running DCPROMO.EXE command in run menu

On welcome screen click on next

This screen show that win95 or earlier version of win NT4.0 cannot be the clients of Server 2003 Click on Next

This is the first domain controller in our domain so select Domain controller for a new domain and click on next

This is the first domain in first forest so select domain in new forest and click on next

Give the full FQDN name of server, we are using example.com for practice you can choose your own

Wizard will automatically generate NetBIOS name of server don't change it.

ADS is installed in NTDS folder, don't change its default location.

Sysvols is a publically shared folder. It would be automatically share on all clients.

DNS is required by ADS for proper functioning Select second options install and configure DNS on this computer

If you have any pre windows 2000 client in network then select
Permission compatible with pre windows 2000 server operating systems

If you don't have any pre windows 2000 server operating systems then select
Permissions compatible only with Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 operating systems for greater security features