1) What is Active
Directory?
A central component of the Windows platform, Active Directory directory service provides the means to manage the identities and relationships that make up network environments. For example we can create, manage and administrator users, computers and printers in the network from active directory.
A central component of the Windows platform, Active Directory directory service provides the means to manage the identities and relationships that make up network environments. For example we can create, manage and administrator users, computers and printers in the network from active directory.
2) What is DNS? Why it is
used? What is “forward lookup” and “reverse lookup” in DNS? What are A records
and mx records?
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP address and IP addresses to names. The computer understands only numbers while we can easily remember names. So to make it easier for us what we do is we assign names to computers and websites. When we use these names (Like yahoo.com) the computer uses DNS to convert to IP address (number) and it executes our request.
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP address and IP addresses to names. The computer understands only numbers while we can easily remember names. So to make it easier for us what we do is we assign names to computers and websites. When we use these names (Like yahoo.com) the computer uses DNS to convert to IP address (number) and it executes our request.
Forward lookup:
Converting names to IP address is called forward lookup.
Reverse lookup: Resolving
IP address to names is called reverse lookup.
‘A’ record: Its called
host record and it has the mapping of a name to IP address. This is the record
in DNS with the help of which DNS can find out the IP address of a name.
‘MX’ Record: its called
mail exchanger record. It’s the record needed to locate the mail servers in the
network. This record is also found in DNS.
3) What id DHCP? Why it
is used? What are scopes and super scopes?
DHCP: Dynamic host
configuration protocol. Its used to allocate IP addresses to large number of
PCs in a network environment. This makes the IP management very easy.
Scope: Scope contains IP
address like subnet mask, gateway IP, DNS server IP and exclusion range which a
client can use to communicate with the other PCs in the network.
Superscope: When we
combine two or more scopes together its called super scope.
4) What are the types of
LAN cables used? What is a cross cable?
Types of LAN cables that are in use are “Cat 5″ and “Cat 6″. “Cat 5″ can support 100 Mbps of speed and “CAT 6″ can support 1Gbps of speed.
Types of LAN cables that are in use are “Cat 5″ and “Cat 6″. “Cat 5″ can support 100 Mbps of speed and “CAT 6″ can support 1Gbps of speed.
Cross cable: Its used to
connect same type of devices without using a switch/hub so that they can
communicate.
5) What is the difference
between a normal LAN cable and cross cable? What could be the maximum length of
the LAN cable?
The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different
in cross cable and normal LAN cable.
The theoretical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to loss of signal.
The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45) is different
in cross cable and normal LAN cable.
The theoretical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may see drop in speed due to loss of signal.
6) What would you use to
connect two computers without using switches?
Cross cable.
Cross cable.
7) What is IPCONFIG
command? Why it is used?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer. From the output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP address assigned to that computer.
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to a computer. From the output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP address, gateway IP address assigned to that computer.
When DHCP server is not available the Windows client computer assigns an automatic IP address to itself so that it can communicate with the network computers. This ip address is called APIPA. ITs in the range of 169.254.X.X.
APIPA stands for Automatic private IP addressing. Its in the range of 169.254.X.X.
9) What is a DOMAIN? What
is the difference between a domain and a workgroup?
Domain is created when we install Active Directory. It’s a security boundary which is used to manage computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to centrally administrator computers and we can govern them using common policies called group policies.
We can’t do the same with workgroup.
Domain is created when we install Active Directory. It’s a security boundary which is used to manage computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to centrally administrator computers and we can govern them using common policies called group policies.
We can’t do the same with workgroup.
10) Do you know how to
configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003 for a user?
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003. http://www.it.cmich.edu/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000 and outlook 2003. http://www.it.cmich.edu/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp
11) What is a PST file
and what is the difference between a PST file and OST file? What file is used
by outlook express?
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or 2003. OST file is used when we use outlook in cached exchanged mode. Outlook express used odb file.
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or 2003. OST file is used when we use outlook in cached exchanged mode. Outlook express used odb file.
12) What is BSOD? What do
you do when you get blue screen in a computer? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS fault due to which the windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a code. Best way to resolve it is to boot the computer is “Last known good configuration”.
If this doesn’t work than boot the computer in safe mode. If it boots up than the problems with one of the devices or drivers.
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS fault due to which the windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a code. Best way to resolve it is to boot the computer is “Last known good configuration”.
If this doesn’t work than boot the computer in safe mode. If it boots up than the problems with one of the devices or drivers.
13) What is RIS? What is
Imaging/ghosting?
RIS stands for remote installation services. You save the installed image on a windows server and then we use RIS to install the configured on in the new hardware. We can use it to deploy both server and client OS. Imaging or ghosting also does the same job of capturing an installed image and then install it on a new hardware when there is a need. We go for RIS or imaging/ghosting because installing OS every time using a CD can be a very time consuming task. So to save that time we can go for RIS/Ghosting/imaging.
RIS stands for remote installation services. You save the installed image on a windows server and then we use RIS to install the configured on in the new hardware. We can use it to deploy both server and client OS. Imaging or ghosting also does the same job of capturing an installed image and then install it on a new hardware when there is a need. We go for RIS or imaging/ghosting because installing OS every time using a CD can be a very time consuming task. So to save that time we can go for RIS/Ghosting/imaging.
14) What is VPN and how
to configure it?
VPN stands for Virtual private network. VPN is used to connect to the corporate network to access the resources like mail and files in the LAN. VPN can be configured using the steps mentioned in the KB: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305550
VPN stands for Virtual private network. VPN is used to connect to the corporate network to access the resources like mail and files in the LAN. VPN can be configured using the steps mentioned in the KB: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305550
15) Your computer slowly
drops out of network. A reboot of the computer
fixes the problem. What to do to resolve this issue?
Update the network card driver.
fixes the problem. What to do to resolve this issue?
Update the network card driver.
16) Your system is
infected with Virus? How to recover the data?
Install another system. Install the OS with the lates patches, Antivirus with latest updates. Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in the system. Once done scan and clean the secondary HDD. Once done copy the files to the new system.
Install another system. Install the OS with the lates patches, Antivirus with latest updates. Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in the system. Once done scan and clean the secondary HDD. Once done copy the files to the new system.
17) How to join a system
to the domain? What type of user can add a system to the domain?
Please visit the article below and read “Adding the Workstation to the Domain” http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/technologi /directory/
Please visit the article below and read “Adding the Workstation to the Domain” http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/technologi /directory/
18) What is the
difference between a switch and a hub?
Switch sends the traffic to the port to which its meant for. Hub sends the traffic to all the ports.
Switch sends the traffic to the port to which its meant for. Hub sends the traffic to all the ports.
19) What is a router? Why
we use it?
Router is a switch which uses routing protocols to process and send the traffic. It also receives the traffic and sends it across but it uses the routing protocols to do so.
Router is a switch which uses routing protocols to process and send the traffic. It also receives the traffic and sends it across but it uses the routing protocols to do so.
20) What are manageable
and non-manageable switches?
Switches which can be administered are called manageable switches. For example we can create VLAN for on such switch. On no manageable switches we can’t do so.
Switches which can be administered are called manageable switches. For example we can create VLAN for on such switch. On no manageable switches we can’t do so.
1.
What are the classes of ip address
with range?
There are 5 classes of ip address as follows.
|
Class
|
1st
Octet Decimal Range
|
1st
Octet High Order Bits
|
Network/Host
ID (N=Network, H=Host)
|
Default
Subnet Mask
|
Number
of Networks
|
Hosts
per Network (Usable Addresses)
|
|
A
|
1
– 126*
|
0
|
N.H.H.H
|
255.0.0.0
|
126
(27 – 2)
|
16,777,214
(224 – 2)
|
|
B
|
128
– 191
|
10
|
N.N.H.H
|
255.255.0.0
|
16,382
(214 – 2)
|
65,534
(216 – 2)
|
|
C
|
192
– 223
|
110
|
N.N.N.H
|
255.255.255.0
|
2,097,150
(221 – 2)
|
254
(28 – 2)
|
|
D
|
224
– 239
|
1110
|
Reserved
for Multicasting
|
|||
|
E
|
240
– 254
|
1111
|
Experimental;
used for research
|
|||
2. What is subnet?
A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks, subnets are
defined as all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix. For example,
all devices with IP addresses that start with 100.100.100. would be part of the same subnet. Dividing a network
into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons. IP networks
are divided using a subnet mask.
3.
What is subnet mask?
A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP
address has two components, the network address and the host address. For
example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a
Class B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network
address, and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on
this network.
Network formula: 2x,
where x is the number of 1s added to the subnet mask from the
previous or default subnet mask when converted to binary.
Host formula: 2y-2,
where y is the number of 0s in the subnet mask when converted to
binary.
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