Q.1. What is an
operating system?
A. Operating system works as an interpreter between computer
Hardware and application. Operation system works as a user interface.
Q.2.Types of
Operating systems?
A. There are two types of operating systems
1. SOS: Simple Operating System as for example-Windows
95,98, ME
2. NOS: Network Operating System as for example-Windows NT,
2000, 2003.
Q.3. What is server?
A. Server are computer that provides the services. As for
Example:¬
1. DNS Server
2. WINS Server
3. DHCP Server
4. RAS Server
5. VPN Server
Q.4.What is RAS
Server?
A. RAS stands for Remote Access Server. It is basically use
for mobile user in the network. This server provides the access connectivity
for mobile user. In this way all of the mobile users are connected to server through
telephone line. This server also provides the connectivity between two more
offices in the network.
Q.5. What is VPN
Server?
A. VPN Stands for Virtual Private Network. It is basically
use for mobile user in the network. This server provides the remote access
connectivity for mobile user. In this way all of the mobile users are connected
to server through internet. This server also provides the connectivity between
two or more office in the network. VPN is cost effective (No Costly).
Q.6.What is IAS Server?
A. IAS stands for Internet Authentication Services. IAS
server is also known as RADIUS Server. IAS Server provides the centralized
management of multiple RAS & VPN Server in the Network. On this Server
Remote Access Policy and Remote Access logging options are available.
Q,7. FAT/NTFS?
A. there is major difference are available between FAT and
NTFS file systems Such as:
FAT:
• FAT
Stands for File Allocation Table
• There are
three categories in FAT file system. FAT FAT-16 FAT-32
• In FAT Not
up to folder level security is available
• Compression
option is not available
• Encryption
Option is not available
• Disk
Quota Option is not available
• FAT
supported by all of the Microsoft Based Operating Systems.
NTFS:
• NTFS
stands for New Technology File Systems
• There are
three categories in NTFS file systems NTFS 4.0-NT Operating Systems NTFS
5.0-2000 Operating Systems NTFS 6.0-2003 Operating Systems
• In NTFS
up to File level security is available
• Compression
option is available
• Encryption
option is available
• Disk
Quota Option is available
• NTFS
supported by only limited Microsoft Based Operating System
Q.8. What is the
difference between Windows NT/2000/2003?
A. There is many differences are available between Windows
NT, 2000 and 2003 O/S, such as NT:
• There is
no active directory
• There is
no tree/forest hierarchical structure is available
• There is
no site relationship
• There is
no parent domain and child domain concepts are available in the network/
• NT
support NTFS 4.0 file system
• NT
support NTLM version 2 LAN Authentication Protocol
• In NT by
default no trust relationship are configured
• In NT we
will use System Policy
• In NT
specific Client site Operation system is available i.e. NT Workstation 4.0
Edition
• In NT we
will use Exchange 5.5 Server
• In NT we
can create only one way trust relationship inside the network
2000:
• There is Active Directory
• Tree/Forest Hierarchical Structure are available
• There is Site Relationship is available
• There is
parent domain and child domain concept are available
• 2000
Support NTFS 5.0 file system
• 2000
Support Kerberos version 5.0 authentication protocol
• In 2000
by default Two-way Trust Relationship are configured
• In 2000
we will use Group Policy
• 2000
support maximum 32 Processor and 64 GB Ram
• In 2000
Specific client site operating system is available i.e. 2000 Professional
• In 2000
we will use Exchange 2000 server
• In 2000
no stub zone is available in DNS
• In 2000
Resultant Setup Policy is not available
• In 2000
GPMC is not available
• In 2000
Conditional forwarding option is not available
• In 2000
Effective Permission option is not available
• In 2000
only some Administrative Command Line Tools are available
• Active
Directory saved query option is not available
• Shadow
copy Option is not available in windows 2000 Operating System
• ASR
Option is not available in Windows 2000 operating System
• In
Windows 2000 we can create Maximum 1 DFS Root on a single DFS Server in the
network.
• In 2000
we can create two way trust relationship inside the network
2003:
• There is
Active Directory
• Tree/Forest
Hierarchical Structure are available
• There is
site relationship is available
• There is
parent domain and child domain concept are available
• 2003
support NTFS 6.0 File system
• 2003
support Kerberos 5.0 Authentication Protocol
• In 2003
we will use group policy
• 2003
support maximum 64 Processor and 64 GB RAM
• In 2003
no specific client site Operating System is available you can use either
windows 2000 Professional either Windows XP Professional in the network
• In 2003
we will use Exchange 2003 Server
• In 2003
Stub Zone is available in DNS
• In 2003
GPMC is available
• In 2003
Resultant Setup Policy is available
• In 2003
Conditional Forwarding option is available
• In 2003
Effective Permission option is available
• Active
Directory Saved Query option is available
• Shadow
Copy option is available in Windows 2003 Operating System
• ASR
Option is available in Windows 2003 Operating System
• In
Windows 2003, we can create more than 1 DFS Root on A single DFS Server in the
Network
• In 2003
we can create two way Trust Relationship inside the network
Q.9. What is Active
Directory?
A. Active Directory is the main concept of Windows 2000/2003
Network. it stores all of the information about the whole network such as
users, printers, computers etc.
Q.10. What is tree?
A. A group of domain is called tree and sharing a contiguous
Name Space.
Q.11.What is forest?
A. A group of tree is called forest and does not sharing a
contiguous name space but sharing a common configuration (Schema).
Q.12. Difference between
D.C. and A.D.C.?
A. D.C. stands for Domain Controller and A.D.C. stands for
Additional Domain Controller. A.D.C. is a backup of D.C. Only one different is
available between D.C. and A.D.C. i.e. – Operation master Role. On D.C. all of
five Operation Master Roles are available¬
1. Schema Master
2. Domain Naming Master
3. RID Master
4. PDC Emulator
5. Infrastructure Master
But on A.D.C. only Three Operation Master Role are
Available:
1. RID Master
2. PDC Emulator
3. Infrastructure Master
Q.13.What is the benefit
of Child Domain?
A. There are many benefits of Child Domain Such As:
1. Security Boundary
2. Administrative Overhead Low
3. Network Traffic Low
A. Group is a collection of user account. It provides the
simplified administration in the network.
Q.15. What is OU?
A. OU stands for Organizational Unit. On OU we define group
Policy in the network. Group policy is basically assigned on active directory container
i.e. Site, domain, OU. When ever we want some users then we put that user in
the OU and assign the appropriate Group Policy on that OU.
Q.16.What is Group
Policy?
A. Group Policy provides the stream line access to all of
the users in the network. Group policy is basically assigned on active
directory container i.e. Site, Domain and O.U. When ever we want some users in
the network do not use shut down the system, do not use run command, do not use
Control Panel, then we put that user in the OU and assign the appropriate Group
Policy on that OU.
Q.17. Difference between
permission, rights and policy?
A. Permission: permission is basically assigned on network
resources as for example – file, folder, share folder, printer. Right: Right is
basically assign to users and groups. Policy: Policy is basically assigned on
active directory container i.e. – Site, Domain, OU.
Q.18.What is ISA Server?
A. ISA stands for Internet Security Acceleration. ISA server
provides the internet connectivity for all of the users in network ISA Server
also works as proxy Server in the network. With the help of ISA Server
Administrator can filtering a client request for a specific web site in the
network.
Q.19. What is Default
Gateway?
A. Default Gateway is the IP address of router in the
network. When ever any clients want to go to another network that query will
forward to default gateway.
Q.20. What is site?
A. A site is a geographical area where all of the domains
are available. Site manages the replication traffic between two or more
different sites in the network.
Q.21. What is Operation
Master Role?
A. Operation Master Role is available on Domain Controller
in the Network. There are five types of operation master roles:¬
1. Schema master
2. Domain Naming Master
3. RID Master
4. PDC Emulator
5. Infrastructure Master
Q.22.Difference between
Mixed Mode and Native Mode?
A. There are two types of domain mode:
1. Mixed Mode: In this mode NT, win 2000 and win 2003 D.C.
are available.
2. Native Mode: there are two types of native mode.
i. Win 2000 Native Mode: In this mode win 2000 and win 2003
DC are available.
ii. Win 2003 Native mode: in this mode only win 2003 DC are
available.
Q.23. What is SCSI?
A. SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. In SCSI the
rate of data transmission is fast. SCSI Hard Disk Speed R.P.M. is fast in SCSI
Data Transmission speed is 320 MBPS in the Network. In SCSI Controller We can
connect Maximum 15 Physical Devices in the System.
Q.24. What are A-Host
Record and PTR Record?
A. A record is also called host record. This record is
basically created in forward lookup Zone PTR record is also called a Pointer
record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup Zone.
Q.25.What is
reservation?
A. Reservation is basically used in DHCP Server. When Ever
we want this computer is always received this IP address from DHCP Server in
the network, in the network, in that case we create a reservation in DHCP
Server of that particular computer in the network.
Q.26.IP Address
Range/Classes?
A. There are two types of IP address:¬
1. Class Full IP Address
2. Class Less IP Address
Class Full IP Address – There are five classes:
Q.27. Difference between
Hardware Router & Software Router?
A. Hardware Router: Hardware Router is a dedicated Router.
It’s having a lot of feature such as Security, dedicated routing in the
networking. As for Example Cisco Router.
Software Router: Software Router is not a dedicated router.
It provides the different services also such as DNS Server, DHCP Server i.e.
Windows Based Router.
Q.28.Difference between
Hardware Firewall and Software Firewall?
A. Hardware Firewall: It is a dedicated firewall. A lots of
security features are available on hardware based firewall. As for
Example-Cisco Pix Firewall.
Software Firewall: It is a dedicated firewall. It provides
the normal security in the network-Check Point.
Q.29. What is Domain
Controller?
A. D.C. stands for Domain Controller. It provides the
centralized management of entire domain in the network. When ever we will
install active directory database on a server side operating system, then after
that system becomes a D.C. Domain controller manages all security related
interaction between users and computers in the network.
Q.30. What is B Router?
A. B Router stands for Bridge Router. We can say this is a
layer three bridge that provides the communication between two or more
different network ID.
Q.31.What is a Bridge?
A. Bridge is a layer 2 network device that provides the
communication within the same network ID. In bridge maximum 16 ports are
available.
Q.32. Difference between
Gateway and Router?
A. Router works on same network architecture but Gateway
works on different network architecture.
Q.33.What is POP
Server/SMTP Server?
A. POP Stands for Post Office Protocol. It is basically use
for mail receiving purpose in the network. SMTP Stands for Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol. It is basically use for sending a mail as well as receiving a mail in
the network.
Q. 34.What is Active
Directory Partitions?
A. Active Directory Partition is a logical Partition of
Active Directory. This Partition is basically use for replication from D.C. to
A.D.
C. & D.C. to G.C.S. (Global Catalog Server) in the
network. There are three Types of Active Directory Partition:
1. Schema Partition
2. Configuration Partition
3. Domain Partition
Q.35. Types of Active
Directory Partitions?
A. There are Three types of Active Directory Partitions:
1. Schema Partition
2. Configuration Partition
3. Domain Partition
Q.36.What is the
function of Ping Command?
A. Ping provides to check the Physical IP Connectivity
between two or more devices in the network. Ping sends an ICMP request from
source Computer to destination computer and destination computer sends an ICMP
reply.
Q.37. What are
Broadcasting, Multicasting and unicasting?
A. Broadcasting – one to all Multicasting -one to many not
all Unicasting -One to One.
Q.38. What is Group
Nesting?
A. When we add two or more Groups within a Single Group. It
is called Group Nesting.
Q.39. What is FIXMBR?
A. FIXMBR Repair the Master boot record of the Partition
Boot Sector.
Q.40.What is FIXBOOT?
A. FIXBOOT write a new partition boot sector on to the
system partition.
Q.41. What is SID?
A. SID stands for Security Identifier. Every object has a
unique ID, it is called SID.
Q.42. What is RADIUS
Server?
A. RADIUS Stands for Remote Authentication Dial-in User
Service, RADIUS Server Provides the Centralized Management of Multiple RAS
& VPN Server in the network. On this Server Remote Access Policy and Remote
Access Logging Options are available.
Q.43. What is Trusting
Domain?
A. In Trusting Domain Resources are available.
Q.44. What is Trusted
Domain?
A. In Trusted Domain User Account’s are available.
Q.45. What is Microsoft
Exchange Server?
A. Microsoft Exchange Server is Software that provides the
services such as sending & receiving the Mail.
Q.46. What is Printer?
A. Printer is a Software that Governing the print Device.
There are two types of Printer:
1. Local Printer
2. Network Printer
Q.47. What is Chatting?
A. Chatting is a Real Time Conversation between two or more
people in the network.
Q.48. What is Directory
Services restore mode?
A. When our Active Directory Database is not working
properly, then we restart the domain Controller and press f8 key. Then after
Selecting the Directory services restore mode and then after restoring the
active directory database from the last backup.
Q.49. What is Normal
Backup?
A. Just like a normal backup by default Backup.
Q.50.What is incremental
backup?
A. In incremental backup only incremental parts are backup
not full backup.
Q.51. What is
differential backup?
A. In differential backup, we take full backup after the
normal backup.
Q.52. What is packet?
A. A packet is a logical grouping of information that
includes a header which contains location information and user data.
Q.53.What is forwarder?
A. It is basically use in DNS Server. When client query to
the DNS Server. In that case if the DNS is having a best results then DNS
Server give the best result. To the client computer in the network otherwise
DNS
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